Johne's disease, also known as paratuberculosis, is a chronic bacterial infection that affects ruminant animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and primarily affects the intestines of infected animals. Johne's disease is characterized by symptoms such as weight loss, diarrhea, decreased milk production, and ultimately death in severe cases. The disease is of significant concern to the livestock industry due to its economic impact on productivity and animal welfare. Research in the area of Johne's disease focuses on developing diagnostic tests, vaccines, and management strategies to control and prevent the spread of the disease in livestock populations. Additionally, researchers are studying the transmission dynamics of MAP, the host immune response to infection, and potential environmental reservoirs of the bacteria. Efforts are also being made to better understand and mitigate the impact of Johne's disease on animal health and production.